Code
CIRAR
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Vivacious
Habitat
Terrestrial
synonym | Aplotaxis circioides DC. |
synonym | Aplotaxis cirsoides DC. |
synonym | Aplotaxis pungens DC. |
synonym | Breea arvensis (L.) Less. |
synonym | Breea dioica (Cass.) Less. |
synonym | Breea ochrolepidia (Juz.) Soják |
synonym | Breea praealta Less. |
synonym | Breea setosa (Willd.) Kitam. |
synonym | Breea setosa (Willd.) Soják |
synonym | Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson |
synonym | Carduus haemorrhoidalis Auct. ex DC. |
synonym | Carduus neglectus Steud. |
synonym | Carduus serratuloides Neck. |
synonym | Carduus setosus Bab. |
synonym | Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr. |
synonym | Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium (Juz.) Juz. |
synonym | Cephalonoplos setosus (Willd.) Kitam. |
synonym | Cirsium albicans Willk. |
synonym | Cirsium albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag. |
synonym | Cirsium argunense DC. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum (E.L.Rand & Redfield) R.Hoffm. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum Kitag. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense f. incanum (Beck) Gajic |
synonym | Cirsium arvense f. rubricaule Lepage |
synonym | Cirsium arvense subsp. arvense |
synonym | Cirsium arvense subsp. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Iljin |
synonym | Cirsium arvense subsp. setosum (Willd.) Ilijn |
synonym | Cirsium arvense subsp. setosum (Willd.) Iljin |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. argenteum (Peyer ex Vest) Fiori |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. horridum Wimm. & Grab. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. incanum (S. G. Gmelin) Ledeb. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. mite Wimm. & Grab. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Ledeb. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. subulatum Ledeb. |
synonym | Cirsium arvense var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab. |
synonym | Cirsium benearnense Gand. |
synonym | Cirsium celakovskianum Knaf |
synonym | Cirsium dioicum Cass. |
synonym | Cirsium halophilum Turcz. ex Herder |
synonym | Cirsium horridum (Wimm. & Grab.) Stankov |
synonym | Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. |
synonym | Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb. |
synonym | Cirsium laevigatum Tausch |
synonym | Cirsium macrostylon Rchb. |
synonym | Cirsium mutatum Menyh. |
synonym | Cirsium neglectum Fisch. ex Spreng. |
synonym | Cirsium ochrolepidium Juz. |
synonym | Cirsium praealtum Cass. |
synonym | Cirsium rubricaule Novopokr. |
synonym | Cirsium ruthenicum Fisch. |
synonym | Cirsium serratuloides Neck. |
synonym | Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser ex M.Bieb. |
synonym | Cirsium setosum var. mite (Wimm. & Grab.) Tzvelev |
synonym | Cirsium setosum var. subulatum Ledeb. |
synonym | Cirsium sordidum Wallr. |
synonym | Cirsium stocksii Boiss. |
synonym | Cnicus arvensis (L.) G.Gaertn. & al. |
synonym | Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm. |
synonym | Cnicus arvensis (L.) Roth |
synonym | Cnicus arvensis f. albiflorus (R.Hoffm.) E.L.Rand & Redfield |
synonym | Cnicus arvensis var. setosus (Willd.) Maxim. |
synonym | Cnicus candicans Wall. |
synonym | Cnicus lanatus Willd. |
synonym | Cnicus macrostylus Moretti |
synonym | Cnicus neglectus Parish ex Greene |
synonym | Cnicus ruthenicus J.Henning |
synonym | Cnicus setosus (Willd.) Besser |
synonym | Cynara repens Stokes |
synonym | Ixine arvensis (L.) Hill |
synonym | Saussurea pungens (DC.) Sch.Bip. |
synonym | Serratula arvensis L. |
synonym | Serratula campestris Schweigg. ex DC. |
synonym | Serratula corymbosofastigiata Krock. |
synonym | Serratula incana S.G.Gmel. |
synonym | Serratula lanata Poir. |
synonym | Serratula setosa Willd. |
synonym | Serratula spinosa Gilib. |
Chinese |
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French |
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Hindi |
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Italian |
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Portuguese |
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Spanish; Castilian |
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Global description
Cirsium arvense is a dioecious vivacious species, with long underground rhizomes and erect aerial stems. It grows in patches. The leaves are simple, alternate, sessile and oblanceolate in shape, with a smooth surface or one covered with araneous hairs and a wavy, irregularly lobed margin with spines. The top is spiny and the base attenuated. The inflorescence is a set of terminal flower heads arranged in a corymb. The involucre is more or less ovoid, made up of several series of identically shaped bracts, pointed at the apex. The flower heads are unisexual, tubular flowers with a pink to purple-red corolla, rarely white, ending in 5 linear lobes. The fruit is a yellowish achene topped by a pappus of pale white feathery bristles.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple, alternate, sessile and rosette-shaped. The blade is elliptical to oblanceolate, 2 to 6 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. The apex ends in a point. The margin is wavy and irregularly lobed, with numerous spiny tips. The faces are glabrous or finely woolly. The central vein is light green.
General habit
Cirsium arvense is an upright plant, 30 to 160 cm high, forming patches as buds develop from the creeping rhizomes.
Underground system
The main root is taprooted and can reach a depth of 2 to 5 m. The underground system comprises numerous trailing rhizomes.
Stem
The stem is erect, not very branched, not winged and not prickly. It is cylindrical, solid, hairless or finely woolly.
Leaves
The leaves are simple, alternate and sessile. The basal leaves are arranged in a rosette, while the stem leaves are smaller, spaced apart, with an attenuated but not decurrent base. The leaf blade is oblong, elliptical to oblanceolate, 3 to 30 cm long and 1 to 6 cm wide. The base is progressively attenuated and the apex is sharply pointed. The margin is very variably lobed, wavy and dotted with spines of varying size, the largest being 1 to 7 mm long. The upper face is glabrous or densely greyish tomentose, while the lower face is glabrous to finely tomentose. The leaves are dark green, with the midrib appearing distinctly light green.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a solitary terminal flower head or terminal group of capitulum arranged in a corymb. They are borne on a peduncle 0.2 to 7 cm long. The involucre is ovoid in flower, becoming campanulate in fruit, 1 to 2 cm high and in diameter, more or less glabrous or tomentose. The bracts are arranged in 6 to 8 series and are identical in shape, lanceolate, ending in a sharp point, 3 to 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, with narrow glutinous ridges on the underside and a non-membranous margin. They are often tinged with purple at the tip. The bracts are well imbricated, with only the tips spreading outwards. The flower heads are unisexual, made up of numerous pink, purple-red or rarely white florets, which clearly protrude above the involucre of bracts.
Flower
The peripheral florets differ little from the central florets. They are all tubular with a basal tube 10 to 15 mm long and 5 linear lobes 2 to 3 mm long.
Fruit
The fruit is a yellowish to brown, fusiform achene, 2 to 4 mm long, surmounted by a pappus of numerous feathery bristles 13 to 32 mm long, dirty white to light brown in colour.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Cirsium arvensis is a vivacious species that multiplies vegetatively by trailing rhizomes and rhizomes fragments. It also produces a large number of seeds (up to 5,300 per plant), spread by the wind and water.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Cirsium arvense can be confused with Cirsium vulgare or with some Carduus spp..
Distinctive criteria between Cirsium spp. and Carduus
Leaf | Stem |
Spines | Capitule | Involucre | Pappus | Species |
not decurrent base | not prickly | only along the margin | unisexual | L = 1-2 cm Diam = 1-2 cm |
feathery bristles | Cirsium arvense |
decurrent base | prickly | along the margin and upper face | hermaphrodite |
L = 2-4 cm |
feathery bristles | Cirsium vulgare |
decurrent base | prickly | hermaphrodite | scabrous bristles | Carduus spp. |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Cirsium arvense can infest many crops in temperate climate areas. It is found in tilled and untilled fields used for the production of most annual, winter annual and perennial crops, as well as adjacent sites, including uncultivated and undisturbed roadsides.
Australia: Cirsium arvense is a weed of pastures, crops, roadsides and wasteland in high rainfall areas, particularly in Victoria and Tasmania.
China: Cirsium arvense thrives in wetlands, ditches, farmland, lakeshores, meadows, mountain slopes, roadsides, near villages, rivers, wet or flooded land, from 100-4300 m altitude.
France - Camargue: C. arvense is a very common species, found in wasteland, grassland and fallow land and on the edges of rice fields.
South Africa: Cirsium arvense is a crop weed and a ruderal species.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Host
Cirsium arvense is a major host of Autographa gamma -silver Y moth- ; Cynthia cardui -Painted lady butterfly- ; Erysiphe mayorii var. mayorii.It is also a minor host of Tanymecus dilaticollis -Maize leaf weevil-, Alfalfa mosaic virus; Larinus planus; Puccinia punctiformis.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Origin
Cirsium arvense is native to the whole of Europe and temperate to subtropical Asia, as far south as Japan.
Worldwide distribution
This species has been introduced throughout North America and the temperate part of South America (Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina), South Africa, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Overall harmfulness
Cirsium arvense produces a very large number of seeds, which can remain viable in the soil for up to 20 years. It is also propagated vegetatively by rhizomes and rhizome fragments multiplied by tillage and spread by farm machinery. It is also a plant that produces allelopathic substances.
Local harmfulness
Australia: Cirsium arvense is a highly invasive weed that competes vigorously with crops and pastures for nutrients. It can also interfere with crop harvesting. Some of the herbicides used to control this species are harmful to crops and pastures.
France - Camargue: In rice fields, sparse stands of Cirsium arvense often appear at rice emergence, without competing with the crop. They disappear during the crop cycle, as they cannot tolerate excess water. The plant is more abundant on the edges of plots.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global control
The combination of herbicides with cultivation practices, mowing or grazing, and competitive crops is more effective in controlling Cirsium arvense than herbicides alone. Even when combinations of control practices are used, repeated control measures over several years are necessary to reduce an infestation of this species.
Local control
Australia : Control methods against Cirsium arvense
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Asterales |
Family | Asteraceae |
Genus | Cirsium |
Species | Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |